Background and Motivation

Reading aloud can be a source of anxiety for many children, who may fear mispronouncing words or being judged by peers. Recognizing the emotional challenges associated with early literacy, a team of researchers from three Midwestern universities investigated whether a non‑human audience could alleviate stress while preserving learning outcomes.

Study Design

The experiment involved fifty‑two participants between the ages of eight and eleven. Each child read short stories aloud under three different conditions: alone, to a human adult, and to a social robot named Misty. Researchers captured physiological indicators—including voice steadiness, heart‑rate fluctuations, and facial temperature—to gauge anxiety levels more objectively than self‑report measures.

Key Findings

Across the three settings, children displayed noticeably calmer physiological responses when reading to the robot. Their voices remained steadier, heart rates were lower, and facial temperatures indicated reduced stress compared with the human‑audience condition. Despite the emotional differences, comprehension scores did not vary significantly, suggesting that the robot’s presence did not hinder learning.

Student Perspectives

Many participants described Misty as "cute" and "fun," noting that the robot’s lack of feelings made it a less intimidating audience. One child remarked that even when mistakes were made, the robot could not become angry, reinforcing a sense of safety. While not every child favored the robot’s mechanical voice or expressionless face, the majority preferred this non‑judgmental listener over a human adult.

Implications for Education

The results highlight a possible new role for social robots in classrooms: serving as emotional buffers that reduce reading‑related anxiety without compromising academic performance. By offering a low‑stakes audience, robots could help students build confidence during moments that are traditionally stressful.

Future Directions

Although the study demonstrates clear anxiety‑reduction benefits, further research is needed to explore long‑term effects on reading proficiency and to assess how different robot designs influence student engagement. The researchers caution that while robots may support the emotional side of learning, they are not intended to replace human teachers.

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