Amazon and Microsoft disclosed concrete steps to shield their cloud services against future quantum attacks, while Meta and Apple offered no rollout dates. Amazon relies on its in‑house SigV4 algorithm and a private certificate authority that meets NIST’s post‑quantum standards. Microsoft targets a 2033 deadline, guided by NIST standards and a phased rollout across Windows, Azure and identity layers. Meta’s latest post introduced a four‑tier PQC maturity model but did not set a timeline. The divergent approaches highlight a race among tech giants to future‑proof their cryptographic infrastructure. Read more →